What viruses cause hand foot and mouth disease?
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease that primarily affects children under the age of five. It is caused by various viruses, with the most common ones being the Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) and Enterovirus 71 (EV71). In this article, we will explore the different viruses responsible for HFMD, their symptoms, and the measures to prevent the spread of this contagious illness.
Understanding the viruses behind HFMD
The viruses responsible for HFMD belong to the family Picornaviridae, which includes several enteroviruses. Here are the most common viruses associated with HFMD:
1. Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16): This virus is the most common cause of HFMD and is responsible for about 30-50% of cases. It typically spreads through respiratory droplets, direct contact with an infected person, or by touching contaminated objects.
2. Enterovirus 71 (EV71): EV71 is another major cause of HFMD, accounting for approximately 10-15% of cases. It is more severe than CA16 and can lead to complications such as encephalitis, meningitis, and myocarditis, which are serious conditions that can cause long-term health problems or even death.
3. Other enteroviruses: While CA16 and EV71 are the most common, there are other enteroviruses, such as Coxsackievirus A6, A10, and B, that can also cause HFMD.
Recognizing the symptoms of HFMD
HFMD typically presents with the following symptoms:
1. Fever: This is often the first sign of HFMD, with temperatures ranging from mild to high.
2. Cough: A persistent cough is common, although it may not be severe.
3. Sore throat: Infected individuals often experience a sore throat, which can be quite painful.
4. Rash: A characteristic rash may appear on the hands, feet, and buttocks, which can be painful and itchy.
5. Blister-like lesions: In some cases, fluid-filled blisters may develop on the hands, feet, and in the mouth.
It is important to note that while these symptoms are typical of HFMD, they can also be associated with other viral infections. Therefore, a proper diagnosis is essential.
Preventing the spread of HFMD
To prevent the spread of HFMD, it is crucial to practice good hygiene and follow these steps:
1. Regular hand washing: Frequent and thorough hand washing with soap and water can help reduce the risk of infection.
2. Avoiding close contact: Keep your distance from individuals who are infected, as the virus is highly contagious.
3. Disinfecting surfaces: Regularly clean and disinfect objects and surfaces that may be contaminated with the virus.
4. Avoiding sharing personal items: Refrain from sharing items such as utensils, cups, and tissues with others, especially those who are infected.
5. Seeking medical attention: If you suspect you or your child has HFMD, it is important to seek medical attention to receive proper diagnosis and treatment.
In conclusion, HFMD is caused by various viruses, with CA16 and EV71 being the most common. Recognizing the symptoms and taking preventive measures can help reduce the spread of this contagious disease and protect yourself and your loved ones.
