Which of the following elements is a transition metal? This question often arises in the study of chemistry, particularly when discussing the periodic table. Transition metals, also known as transition elements, are a group of metals that exhibit unique properties and play a crucial role in various industrial applications. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of transition metals and identify which element among the given options belongs to this fascinating group.
Transition metals are located in the d-block of the periodic table, which spans from scandium (Sc) to zinc (Zn). These elements are known for their ability to form multiple oxidation states and exhibit variable colors. Some of the well-known transition metals include iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and gold (Au).
The defining characteristic of transition metals is the presence of partially filled d-orbitals in their electron configurations. This allows them to exhibit variable oxidation states and form a wide range of compounds. For instance, iron can exist in +2 and +3 oxidation states, while copper can exhibit +1 and +2 oxidation states.
Now, let’s identify which of the following elements is a transition metal:
1. Sodium (Na)
2. Chlorine (Cl)
3. Iron (Fe)
4. Aluminum (Al)
The correct answer is 3. Iron (Fe). Iron is a transition metal because it has a partially filled d-orbital in its electron configuration (Fe: [Ar] 3d6 4s2). This enables it to form various compounds with different oxidation states, such as iron(II) sulfate (FeSO4) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl3).
On the other hand, sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al) are not transition metals. Sodium is an alkali metal, which is located in the s-block of the periodic table. Chlorine (Cl) is a halogen, which is located in the p-block of the periodic table.
In conclusion, transition metals are a unique group of elements with fascinating properties. Iron, among the given options, is a transition metal due to its partially filled d-orbital and ability to form multiple oxidation states. Understanding the characteristics of transition metals is essential for comprehending their importance in various industrial applications and chemical reactions.
