When did Moscow become the capital of Russia? This question delves into the rich history of Russia and its capital city. Moscow’s journey to becoming the capital of Russia is a fascinating tale that spans over centuries and reflects the country’s evolving political landscape.
The foundation of Moscow dates back to the 9th century when it was established as a fortified town by the Varangians, Viking warriors who traveled from Scandinavia to the Byzantine Empire. However, during this time, Moscow was not yet the capital of Russia. Its rise to prominence began in the 12th century when it became part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a principality that would eventually evolve into the Russian Empire.
It was not until the 14th century that Moscow started to gain significant power under the rule of Ivan Kalita, the first Moscow Prince. Ivan Kalita’s reign marked the beginning of Moscow’s rise as a political and cultural center. He expanded the city’s territory, strengthened its defenses, and established trade routes, which contributed to Moscow’s growth and influence.
However, the capital of Russia remained in Vladimir, a city to the east of Moscow, until the late 15th century. The shift from Vladimir to Moscow as the capital occurred during the reign of Ivan III, known as Ivan the Great. In 1480, Ivan III declared himself the Grand Prince of all Russia, thus establishing Moscow as the central power in the region.
One of the pivotal moments in Moscow’s history that contributed to its rise as the capital was the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. This battle marked the end of the Mongol-Tatar yoke, a period of subjugation under the Mongol Empire. Moscow’s victory in this battle was a turning point, solidifying its status as the leading city in Russia.
Ivan the Great’s son, Vasili III, continued to expand Moscow’s influence and power. Under his rule, the city became the center of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, and the process of unification of the Russian lands began. Vasili III’s policies laid the groundwork for the future Russian Empire.
It was during the reign of Peter the Great, in the early 18th century, that Moscow officially became the capital of Russia. In 1712, Peter the Great moved the capital from Moscow to Saint Petersburg, which he founded as a new city to serve as the capital. However, this decision was short-lived, and in 1728, Peter the Great returned the capital to Moscow. Since then, Moscow has remained the capital of Russia, playing a crucial role in the country’s history and development.
In conclusion, Moscow’s journey to becoming the capital of Russia is a story of political power, cultural influence, and strategic vision. From its humble beginnings as a fortified town to its current status as the heart of the Russian Empire, Moscow’s rise to prominence is a testament to the resilience and determination of its people. The answer to the question, “When did Moscow become the capital of Russia?” is a complex one, spanning over six centuries of Russian history.
